:root {
  --bg: #f3f1ea;
  --surface: #fcfbf7;
  --surface-strong: #ffffff;
  --ink: #182328;
  --muted: #586469;
  --line: #d4d1c7;
  --line-strong: #aaa99f;
  --accent: #235c60;
  --accent-dark: #18474b;
  --accent-soft: #e3e9e6;
  --mechanics: #985138;
  --mechanics-soft: #f2e4dc;
  --navigation: #397063;
  --navigation-soft: #dfebe6;
  --sensing: #52658f;
  --sensing-soft: #e5e7f0;
  --sans: ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
  --serif: "Iowan Old Style", "Palatino Linotype", Palatino, Charter, Georgia, serif;
  --shell: 1180px;
  --gutter: clamp(1.25rem, 4.7vw, 4rem);
  --section-space: clamp(5.5rem, 9vw, 8rem);
}

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scroll-padding-top: 5.5rem;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--bg);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  line-height: 1.62;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

body.nav-open {
  overflow: hidden;
}

::selection {
  color: var(--surface);
  background: var(--accent);
}

img {
  display: block;
  max-width: 100%;
}

a {
  color: var(--accent-dark);
  text-decoration-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 48%, transparent);
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 0.2em;
}

a:hover {
  text-decoration-color: currentColor;
}

a:focus-visible,
button:focus-visible,
summary:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 4px;
}

p,
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
figure,
blockquote,
dl,
dd {
  margin-top: 0;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4 {
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
  font-weight: 620;
  line-height: 1.12;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}

h2 {
  font-size: clamp(2.05rem, 4vw, 3.5rem);
}

h3 {
  font-size: clamp(1.28rem, 2vw, 1.65rem);
}

h4 {
  font-size: 1.075rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
}

p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.shell {
  width: min(calc(100% - (2 * var(--gutter))), var(--shell));
  margin-inline: auto;
}

.section {
  padding-block: var(--section-space);
}

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 1000;
  top: 0.75rem;
  left: 0.75rem;
  padding: 0.65rem 1rem;
  color: var(--surface);
  background: var(--ink);
  transform: translateY(-160%);
}

.skip-link:focus {
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  z-index: 100;
  top: 0;
  background: var(--bg);
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
}

.site-header.is-scrolled {
  border-bottom-color: var(--line);
}

.header-inner {
  display: flex;
  min-height: 4.5rem;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 2rem;
}

.brand {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 0.93rem;
  font-weight: 720;
  letter-spacing: 0.025em;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.site-nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(1rem, 2.2vw, 2rem);
}

.site-nav a {
  min-height: 2.75rem;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 620;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.site-nav a:hover {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.site-nav .nav-download {
  color: var(--accent-dark);
}

.nav-toggle {
  display: none;
  width: 2.75rem;
  height: 2.75rem;
  padding: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--ink);
  background: transparent;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.nav-toggle span {
  position: absolute;
  left: 50%;
  width: 1.15rem;
  height: 1px;
  background: currentColor;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
}

.nav-toggle span:first-child {
  margin-top: -0.23rem;
}

.nav-toggle span:last-child {
  margin-top: 0.23rem;
}

.profile-hero {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 7fr) minmax(17rem, 5fr);
  gap: clamp(3rem, 8vw, 7.5rem);
  min-height: calc(100vh - 4.5rem);
  min-height: calc(100svh - 4.5rem);
  align-items: center;
  padding-block: clamp(4.5rem, 9vw, 8.5rem);
}

.hero-copy {
  max-width: 47rem;
}

.eyebrow,
.section-label,
.axis-number,
.project-status,
.publication-meta {
  margin-bottom: 1.15rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 720;
  line-height: 1.4;
  letter-spacing: 0.055em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.profile-hero h1 {
  max-width: 13ch;
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
  font-size: clamp(3.2rem, 7.5vw, 6.6rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 0.98;
  letter-spacing: -0.06em;
}

.hero-summary {
  max-width: 40rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2.1vw, 1.6rem);
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.hero-detail {
  max-width: 42rem;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.8rem 1.4rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.button {
  min-height: 3rem;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 0.72rem 1.15rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
  color: var(--ink);
  background: transparent;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 690;
  line-height: 1.25;
  text-align: center;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.button:hover {
  border-color: var(--ink);
}

.button-primary {
  border-color: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
  background: var(--accent);
}

.button-primary:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent-dark);
  background: var(--accent-dark);
}

.text-action {
  min-height: 2.75rem;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  font-size: 0.91rem;
  font-weight: 680;
}

.availability {
  max-width: 40rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  padding-top: 1rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-size: 0.89rem;
}

.hero-aside {
  align-self: center;
}

.portrait {
  max-width: 20rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  margin-left: auto;
}

.portrait img {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center 30%;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.portrait figcaption {
  max-width: 30ch;
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.research-key {
  max-width: 20rem;
  margin-left: auto;
  padding-top: 1rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
}

.research-key p {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}

.key-mark {
  width: 1.6rem;
  height: 2px;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  background: currentColor;
}

.mechanics-mark {
  color: var(--mechanics);
}

.navigation-mark {
  color: var(--navigation);
}

.sensing-mark {
  color: var(--sensing);
}

.section-heading {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(9rem, 3fr) minmax(0, 9fr);
  gap: clamp(2rem, 6vw, 5rem);
  align-items: start;
  margin-bottom: clamp(3rem, 6vw, 5rem);
}

.section-heading h2 {
  max-width: 17ch;
}

.section-heading > div > p {
  max-width: 47rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 1.08rem;
}

.compact-heading {
  margin-bottom: 3.25rem;
}

.research-section {
  padding-top: clamp(5rem, 8vw, 7rem);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research-map {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(12, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.research-axis {
  --axis-color: var(--accent);
  position: relative;
  padding: clamp(1.8rem, 3.6vw, 3rem);
  overflow: hidden;
  border-top: 4px solid var(--axis-color);
}

.axis-mechanics {
  --axis-color: var(--mechanics);
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  background: var(--mechanics-soft);
}

.axis-navigation {
  --axis-color: var(--navigation);
  grid-column: span 6;
  background: var(--navigation-soft);
}

.axis-sensing {
  --axis-color: var(--sensing);
  grid-column: span 6;
  background: var(--sensing-soft);
}

.axis-header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.axis-number {
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
  color: var(--axis-color);
}

.axis-header h3 {
  max-width: 19ch;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 3vw, 2.6rem);
}

.axis-intro {
  max-width: 56ch;
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.project-notes {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--axis-color) 38%, transparent);
}

.project-notes > div {
  padding: 1.45rem 1.25rem 0 0;
  border-right: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--axis-color) 28%, transparent);
}

.project-notes > div + div {
  padding-left: 1.25rem;
}

.project-notes > div:last-child {
  padding-right: 0;
  border-right: 0;
}

.axis-navigation .project-notes,
.axis-sensing .project-notes {
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}

.axis-navigation .project-notes > div,
.axis-sensing .project-notes > div {
  padding-right: 0;
  border-right: 0;
}

.project-notes h4 {
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.project-notes p:not(.project-status) {
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ink) 78%, transparent);
  font-size: 0.94rem;
}

.project-notes a {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 0.3rem;
  color: inherit;
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  font-weight: 680;
}

.project-status {
  margin-bottom: 0.55rem;
  color: var(--axis-color, var(--muted));
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.048em;
}

.scientific-figure {
  --figure-color: var(--accent);
  margin: 0 0 2.6rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--figure-color) 44%, transparent);
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--figure-color) 32%, transparent);
}

.scientific-figure canvas {
  width: 100%;
  display: block;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--surface) 62%, transparent);
}

.figure-mechanics {
  --figure-color: var(--mechanics);
}

.figure-navigation {
  --figure-color: var(--navigation);
}

.figure-sensing {
  --figure-color: var(--sensing);
}

.figure-mechanics canvas {
  height: clamp(20rem, 29vw, 22rem);
}

.figure-navigation canvas,
.figure-sensing canvas {
  height: clamp(21rem, 31vw, 23rem);
}

.scientific-figure figcaption {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(11rem, 0.8fr) minmax(0, 1.6fr);
  gap: 1rem 2rem;
  padding-block: 1rem;
  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--figure-color) 24%, transparent);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.scientific-figure figcaption strong {
  color: var(--figure-color);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.scientific-figure figcaption span {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.thesis-spotlight {
  padding-block: clamp(4.5rem, 7vw, 6.5rem);
}

.thesis-spotlight-inner {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 5fr) minmax(0, 6fr);
  gap: clamp(2rem, 7vw, 6rem);
  padding: clamp(2.2rem, 5vw, 4.75rem);
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  border-left: 5px solid var(--accent);
}

.thesis-spotlight h2 {
  max-width: 13ch;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.6rem);
}

.thesis-spotlight-inner > div:last-child > p {
  max-width: 50ch;
  font-size: 1.06rem;
}

.method-section {
  padding-top: clamp(3rem, 5vw, 4.5rem);
}

.method-line {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr));
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
}

.method-line li {
  position: relative;
  padding: 1.8rem 1.2rem 0 0;
}

.method-line li::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: -0.34rem;
  left: 0;
  width: 0.66rem;
  height: 0.66rem;
  border: 2px solid var(--bg);
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent);
}

.method-line span {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 720;
}

.method-line p {
  max-width: 15ch;
  font-size: 0.91rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.method-note {
  max-width: 48rem;
  margin-top: 2.5rem;
  padding-left: 1rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  border-left: 2px solid var(--line-strong);
  font-size: 0.87rem;
}

.engineering-section {
  background: var(--surface);
}

.engineering-mosaic {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(12, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 3.5rem 1.5rem;
}

.engineering-project {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.engineering-project figure {
  margin-bottom: 1.3rem;
  background: var(--bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.engineering-project img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}

.engineering-project h3 {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.engineering-project p:not(.project-status) {
  max-width: 57ch;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.engineering-project a {
  font-size: 0.87rem;
  font-weight: 680;
}

.engineering-project-lead {
  grid-column: span 7;
}

.engineering-project-lead figure {
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
}

.engineering-project-lead img,
.engineering-project-wide img {
  object-fit: cover;
}

.engineering-project-interface {
  grid-column: span 5;
}

.engineering-project-interface figure {
  padding: 1rem;
}

.engineering-project-interface img {
  object-fit: contain;
}

.engineering-project-edf figure {
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
}

.engineering-project-shiva figure {
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 10;
}

.engineering-project-interface:nth-child(3) {
  grid-column: 1 / span 5;
}

.engineering-project-wide {
  grid-column: 6 / span 7;
}

.engineering-project-wide figure {
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
}

.publications-section {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.publication-list {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
}

.publication-list article {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(9rem, 2.5fr) minmax(0, 8fr) minmax(3.5rem, 1fr);
  gap: 1.5rem;
  align-items: start;
  padding-block: 1.65rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.publication-list h3 {
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.publication-list article > div > p {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.publication-meta {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.publication-list article > a {
  justify-self: end;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 680;
}

.text-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem 1.75rem;
}

.publication-links {
  margin-top: 2rem;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 680;
}

.profile-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 6fr) minmax(0, 5fr);
  gap: clamp(3rem, 8vw, 7rem);
}

.profile-grid h2 {
  max-width: 11ch;
}

.large-copy {
  font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 1.8vw, 1.35rem);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.profile-grid > div > p:not(.section-label) {
  max-width: 54ch;
}

.profile-facts {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
}

.profile-facts > div {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 7.2rem 1fr;
  gap: 1.2rem;
  padding-block: 1.25rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.profile-facts dt {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 720;
}

.profile-facts dd {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
}

.contact-section {
  color: #f6f4ed;
  background: var(--ink);
}

.contact-inner {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 7fr) minmax(15rem, 4fr);
  gap: clamp(3rem, 9vw, 8rem);
  align-items: end;
}

.contact-section .section-label {
  color: #b8c2c4;
}

.contact-section h2 {
  max-width: 15ch;
}

.contact-section p:not(.section-label) {
  max-width: 45rem;
  color: #c8d0d1;
}

.contact-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

.contact-links a {
  max-width: 100%;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 620;
}

.contact-section a:focus-visible,
.site-footer a:focus-visible {
  outline-color: var(--bg);
}

.site-footer {
  color: #b8c2c4;
  background: var(--ink);
  border-top: 1px solid #344247;
}

.footer-inner {
  min-height: 5.5rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 2rem;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.footer-inner p {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Dedicated thesis page */

.thesis-page {
  background: #f8f6f1;
}

.thesis-page .site-header {
  background: #f8f6f1;
}

.thesis-page h1,
.thesis-page h2,
.thesis-page .thesis-question {
  font-family: var(--serif);
}

.thesis-hero {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 6fr) minmax(26rem, 5fr);
  gap: 3rem clamp(3rem, 6vw, 6rem);
  padding-block: clamp(5rem, 10vw, 9rem) clamp(4.5rem, 8vw, 7rem);
}

.thesis-hero-copy h1 {
  max-width: 13ch;
  margin-bottom: 0.2em;
  font-size: clamp(3.8rem, 7.5vw, 6.8rem);
  font-weight: 560;
  line-height: 0.93;
  letter-spacing: -0.065em;
}

.thesis-subtitle {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 3vw, 2.35rem);
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.thesis-lead {
  max-width: 44rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 2vw, 1.4rem);
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.thesis-definition {
  max-width: 43rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.thesis-version {
  margin-top: 1.4rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.figure-thesis {
  --figure-color: var(--accent);
  align-self: center;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.figure-thesis canvas {
  height: clamp(32rem, 45vw, 36rem);
}

.thesis-facts {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  margin: 1rem 0 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.thesis-facts > div {
  padding: 1.15rem 1.2rem 1.15rem 0;
}

.thesis-facts dt {
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 720;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.thesis-facts dd {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 620;
}

.thesis-heading h2 {
  max-width: 16ch;
  font-weight: 560;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
}

.thesis-idea {
  background: var(--surface);
}

.idea-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  margin-top: 1rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
}

.idea-grid-four {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.idea-grid-four article {
  padding-right: 1.45rem;
}

.idea-grid-four article + article {
  padding-left: 1.45rem;
}

.idea-grid article {
  padding: 2rem 2rem 2rem 0;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.idea-grid article + article {
  padding-left: 2rem;
}

.idea-grid article:last-child {
  border-right: 0;
}

.idea-grid span {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 2.8rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 720;
}

.idea-grid h3 {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
}

.idea-grid p {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.93rem;
}

.thesis-question {
  max-width: 57rem;
  margin: clamp(4rem, 8vw, 7rem) auto 0;
  padding: 0 0 0 1.75rem;
  color: var(--accent-dark);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
  font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 3.6vw, 2.85rem);
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.principle-section {
  padding-bottom: clamp(6rem, 11vw, 10rem);
}

.principle-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
  list-style: none;
}

.principle-list li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 4rem minmax(0, 7fr) minmax(6rem, 2fr);
  gap: 2rem;
  align-items: center;
  padding-block: 2.1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.principle-index {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 720;
}

.principle-list h3 {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
}

.principle-list div > p {
  max-width: 50rem;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.principle-word {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 3vw, 2.1rem);
  font-style: italic;
  text-align: right;
}

.qualification-note {
  max-width: 58rem;
  margin: 2.5rem 0 0 6rem;
  padding-left: 1rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  border-left: 2px solid var(--accent);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.inline-math {
  white-space: nowrap;
  font-family: var(--serif);
}

.family-section {
  background: var(--surface);
}

.figure-family canvas {
  height: clamp(31rem, 46vw, 36rem);
}

.figure-return canvas {
  height: clamp(28rem, 39vw, 32rem);
}

.figure-evidence {
  margin-top: 4rem;
}

.figure-evidence canvas {
  height: clamp(27rem, 38vw, 31rem);
}

.insight-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
}

.insight-grid article {
  padding: 1.8rem 2rem 0 0;
}

.insight-grid article + article {
  padding-left: 2rem;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.insight-grid h3 {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 1.12rem;
}

.insight-grid p {
  max-width: 50ch;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.return-section {
  background: var(--navigation-soft);
}

.thesis-method-section {
  background: var(--navigation-soft);
}

.thesis-method-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 5fr) minmax(0, 6fr);
  gap: clamp(3rem, 8vw, 7rem);
}

.thesis-method-grid h2 {
  max-width: 12ch;
  font-weight: 560;
}

.thesis-method-grid > div > p:not(.section-label) {
  max-width: 47ch;
}

.process-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 45%, transparent);
  list-style: none;
}

.process-list li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 3rem 1fr;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  padding-block: 1.6rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 28%, transparent);
}

.process-list li > span {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 720;
}

.process-list h3 {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
}

.process-list p {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.results-section {
  background: var(--surface);
}

.result-ladder {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
}

.result-ladder article {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(11rem, 3fr) minmax(0, 8fr);
  gap: clamp(2rem, 6vw, 5rem);
  padding-block: 2rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.result-meta span {
  display: inline-block;
  min-width: 4rem;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.55rem;
  color: var(--accent-dark);
  background: var(--navigation-soft);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 760;
  text-align: center;
}

.result-meta p {
  margin: 0.7rem 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 690;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.result-ladder h3 {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
}

.result-ladder article > div:last-child > p {
  max-width: 51rem;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.scope-details {
  margin-top: 3rem;
  padding-block: 1.15rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.scope-details summary {
  min-height: 2.75rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  color: var(--accent-dark);
  font-size: 0.91rem;
  font-weight: 710;
  cursor: pointer;
  list-style: none;
}

.scope-details summary::-webkit-details-marker {
  display: none;
}

.scope-details summary::after {
  content: "+";
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.scope-details[open] summary::after {
  content: "−";
}

.scope-details > div {
  max-width: 52rem;
  padding: 1rem 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.manuscript-section {
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--accent-soft);
}

.manuscript-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 5fr) minmax(0, 6fr);
  gap: clamp(3rem, 9vw, 8rem);
}

.manuscript-copy h2 {
  max-width: 12ch;
  font-weight: 560;
}

.manuscript-copy > p:not(.section-label, .small-note) {
  max-width: 44ch;
}

.small-note {
  margin-top: 1rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.contents-list {
  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 46%, transparent);
}

.contents-list article {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 2.5rem 1fr;
  gap: 1.2rem;
  padding-block: 1.25rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 28%, transparent);
}

.contents-list span {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 720;
}

.contents-list h3 {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.contents-list p {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}

.thesis-publications-section {
  background: #f8f6f1;
}

.thesis-publications h3 {
  font-family: var(--sans);
}

.thesis-contact h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 560;
}

@media (max-width: 1020px) {
  .profile-hero {
    gap: 3rem;
  }

  .profile-hero h1 {
    font-size: clamp(3rem, 7vw, 5.2rem);
  }

  .axis-mechanics,
  .axis-navigation,
  .axis-sensing {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
  }

  .axis-mechanics .project-notes {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .axis-mechanics .project-notes > div {
    padding: 1.45rem 1.25rem;
    border-right: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--axis-color) 28%, transparent);
    border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--axis-color) 28%, transparent);
  }

  .axis-mechanics .project-notes > div + div {
    padding-left: 1.25rem;
  }

  .axis-mechanics .project-notes > div:nth-child(even) {
    border-right: 0;
  }

  .axis-mechanics .project-notes > div:nth-child(n + 3) {
    border-bottom: 0;
  }

  .engineering-project-lead,
  .engineering-project-interface,
  .engineering-project-interface:nth-child(3),
  .engineering-project-wide {
    grid-column: span 6;
  }

  .thesis-hero {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 3rem;
  }

  .figure-thesis {
    width: min(100%, 43rem);
  }

  .idea-grid-four {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .idea-grid-four article:nth-child(2) {
    border-right: 0;
  }

  .idea-grid-four article:nth-child(n + 3) {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .nav-toggle {
    position: relative;
    display: block;
  }

  .site-nav {
    position: fixed;
    inset: 4.5rem 0 0;
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 0;
    padding: 1.5rem var(--gutter) 3rem;
    background: var(--bg);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    overflow-y: auto;
  }

  .thesis-page .site-nav {
    background: #f8f6f1;
  }

  .site-nav.is-open {
    display: flex;
  }

  .site-nav a {
    min-height: 3.6rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    color: var(--ink);
    font-size: 1.05rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 780px) {
  :root {
    --section-space: 5.2rem;
  }

  body {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }

  .profile-hero,
  .section-heading,
  .thesis-spotlight-inner,
  .profile-grid,
  .contact-inner,
  .thesis-hero,
  .thesis-method-grid,
  .manuscript-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .profile-hero {
    min-height: auto;
    padding-top: 4.5rem;
  }

  .profile-hero h1 {
    max-width: 15ch;
    font-size: clamp(3rem, 13vw, 5.4rem);
  }

  .hero-aside {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(9rem, 12rem) 1fr;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    align-items: end;
  }

  .portrait,
  .research-key {
    max-width: none;
    margin-left: 0;
  }

  .portrait {
    margin-bottom: 0;
  }

  .section-heading {
    gap: 0.8rem;
  }

  .section-heading h2 {
    max-width: 19ch;
  }

  .axis-mechanics .project-notes {
    display: block;
  }

  .axis-mechanics .project-notes > div {
    padding-right: 0;
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--axis-color) 28%, transparent);
  }

  .axis-mechanics .project-notes > div + div {
    padding-left: 0;
  }

  .axis-mechanics .project-notes > div:nth-child(n + 3) {
    border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--axis-color) 28%, transparent);
  }

  .axis-mechanics .project-notes > div:last-child {
    border-bottom: 0;
  }

  .thesis-spotlight-inner {
    gap: 1.5rem;
  }

  .method-line {
    display: block;
    padding-left: 1.4rem;
    border-top: 0;
    border-left: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
  }

  .method-line li {
    padding: 0 0 1.8rem 1rem;
  }

  .method-line li::before {
    top: 0.15rem;
    left: -1.76rem;
    border-color: var(--bg);
  }

  .method-line p {
    max-width: 32ch;
  }

  .engineering-mosaic {
    gap-block: 3rem;
  }

  .engineering-project-lead,
  .engineering-project-interface,
  .engineering-project-interface:nth-child(3),
  .engineering-project-wide {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
  }

  .publication-list article {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
    gap: 0.75rem 1.2rem;
  }

  .publication-meta {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
  }

  .publication-list article > a {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 2;
  }

  .contact-inner {
    align-items: start;
  }

  .thesis-facts {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .idea-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .idea-grid article,
  .idea-grid article + article {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 3rem 1fr;
    padding: 1.5rem 0;
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  }

  .idea-grid span {
    grid-row: 1 / span 2;
    margin-bottom: 0;
  }

  .principle-list li {
    grid-template-columns: 2.5rem 1fr;
    gap: 1rem;
  }

  .principle-word {
    display: none;
  }

  .result-ladder article {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1.2rem;
  }

  .qualification-note {
    margin-left: 0;
  }

  .insight-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .insight-grid article,
  .insight-grid article + article {
    padding: 1.5rem 0;
    border-left: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {
  .scientific-figure figcaption {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0.35rem;
  }

  .figure-thesis canvas {
    height: 36rem;
  }

  .figure-return canvas {
    height: 47.5rem;
  }

  .figure-evidence canvas {
    height: 37rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 540px) {
  :root {
    --gutter: 1.1rem;
  }

  .profile-hero h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.85rem, 15vw, 4.6rem);
  }

  .actions {
    align-items: stretch;
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .actions .button,
  .actions .text-action {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .hero-aside {
    grid-template-columns: 8.5rem 1fr;
  }

  .research-axis {
    padding: 1.5rem;
  }

  .axis-header {
    gap: 0.5rem;
  }

  .thesis-spotlight-inner {
    padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
  }

  .publication-list article {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .publication-list article > a {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: auto;
    justify-self: start;
  }

  .profile-facts > div {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0.35rem;
  }

  .footer-inner {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 0.25rem;
  }

  .thesis-hero-copy h1 {
    font-size: clamp(3.8rem, 19vw, 6rem);
  }

  .thesis-facts {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .thesis-facts > div {
    padding-block: 0.9rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  }

  .thesis-question {
    padding-left: 1.15rem;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }
}